When You Work Abroad (EU/European Economic Area)

What Happens to Your Social Security Contributions When You Work Abroad (EU/European Economic Area?

In today’s global economy, mobility is common. Many Maltese citizens take up employment abroad, whether for a short-term assignment, seasonal work, or a long-term career move. But what happens to your social security contributions when you cross borders? Understanding the rules ensures you protect your rights to benefits such as pensions, sickness allowance, and family benefits.

How Social Security Works Across Borders

Social security systems are national, but international agreements prevent you from losing your entitlements when you move abroad. These agreements ensure that:

• You do not pay contributions in two countries at the same time.
• Your insurance periods in different countries can be combined to qualify for benefits.
• You receive benefits in the country where you live or work, according to agreed rules.

EU and EEA Coordination Rules

If you work in an EU or  European Economic Area (EEA) country, your contributions are protected under EU Regulation 883/2004. This means:

• Aggregation of periods: All your insurance periods in EU/EEA countries are added together to determine eligibility for benefits.
• Single contribution rule: You only pay contributions in one country at a time, usually where you work.
• Export of benefits: Certain benefits, such as pensions, can be paid even if you live in another EU country.

Example: If you worked in Malta for 10 years and then in Italy for 15 years, both periods count towards your pension entitlement.

Bilateral Agreements with Non-EU Countries

Malta has signed social security agreements with several countries outside the EU, including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. These agreements:

• Allow you to combine contribution periods from both countries.
• Prevent double contributions.
• Ensure you receive benefits even if you move back to Malta or to the partner country.

Tip: Always check if your destination country has an agreement with Malta before you move.

What You Should Do Before Moving Abroad

• Notify the Department of Social Security: Inform them of your move and provide details of your employment abroad.
• Check agreements: Confirm whether your destination country has an EU arrangement or a bilateral agreement with Malta.
• Keep documentation: Maintain records of your employment contracts, payslips, FS3s and contribution statements.
• Apply for an A1 form (if applicable): This certifies which country’s social security system you are covered by when working temporarily in another EU country.

Returning to Malta from an EU Member State

When you return, your foreign contributions can be combined with your Maltese record to calculate your pension or other benefits. The Department of Social Security will liaise with the foreign authority to verify your contribution history.

Common Questions

Will I lose my contributions if I work abroad?

No. Under EU rules and bilateral agreements, your contributions remain valid and count towards your benefits.

Can I claim benefits while living outside Malta?

Yes, in many cases, especially pensions and unemployment benefits can be exported to your country of residence.

Need Help?

Visit the social security website or contact the International Relations Unit on contactdss.gov.mt for personalised guidance. They can advise on agreements, forms, and the steps you need to take before and after working abroad.